Die 3 gängigsten Lautsprechertreiber: Horn, Konus und Kalotte
All speakers are essentially transducers, which means that they convert one form of energy-in this case electricity-into another form-in this case, we take the form of sound Experience mechanical vibration. Since the role of the transducer is to push or "drive" the sound forward, the term "driver" is usually used to refer to the transducing element in the speaker. Drivers are sometimes referred to simply as speakers. This term also refers to the sum of all the components that produce sound from the housing to the internal sound damping material and other components (such as crossovers). In this article, "speakers" and "drivers" refer to the speaker components responsible for dispersing sound.
Hornlautsprecher
Wie der Name schon sagt, hat der Hornlautsprecher eine offene Trichterform, genau wie ein Horn. Viele Menschen werden dieses Design von Bildern alter Grammophone (auch Phonographen genannt) wiedererkennen. Frühe Konstruktionen verwendeten Hörner, um den von der vibrierenden Membran erzeugten Klang zu verstärken: Das Horn hat zwei Funktionen: die von der Membran erzeugte Vibration an die Luft zu übertragen und sie lauter zu machen.
The horn loudspeaker is a very effective design because, compared to a cone-shaped diaphragm, the diaphragm does not have to oscillate violently in order to produce a loud sound. Due to their high efficiency, speakers are still used in PA speakers to send out notification and warning signals. Another advantage of horn speakers is their directivity. The sound can be directed at the listener instead of dispersing the sound throughout the room. This creates a much smaller "sweet spot" for the listener, but eliminates most of the problems people encounter in room acoustics because there are fewer reflected sounds. However, this small optimal listening area may be a bit impractical and is usually not conducive to appreciation of the high range, because the high range tends to beam rather than disperse anyway. Another practical difficulty with horn speakers is the extremely low end. In order for the horn speaker to reproduce convincing bass, it must have a huge size.
Trotz der Beschränkungen von Hi{0}}Heim-Audio gibt es heute immer noch viele High--Hornlautsprecher. Viele Menschen schätzen ihre hervorragende Dynamik und schnelles Einschwingverhalten, die einen höchst realistischen Live-Sound für Musik, insbesondere Jazz, liefern können. Das Horn kann auch ohne Verzerrung lauter gespielt werden. Nicht zuletzt sind Hornlautsprecher attraktive Gesprächsfragmente.
Lautsprechertreiber Ultima 40 Mk2 charmanter Kupfer-Mitteltöner
Kegellautsprecher
Cone is a form we know in school geometry class, used in the most popular form of driver structure: cone loudspeaker. A typical cone driver consists of a tapered membrane with a dust cap in the middle and a component that does not affect the sound. For sound reproduction, the membrane is responsible. The membrane is attached to the voice coil, and the voice coil moves in accordance with the push and pull of the magnetic field generated by the current passing through the coil in the magnetic field. This movement in and out (referred to as offset) makes the cone speaker the most dynamic reason for the driver design discussed here, and is why this type of driver is sometimes referred to as a "dynamic speaker." The longer the driver's stroke, the greater the amount of air it can push. In order to create low-frequency sound, a lot of air needs to be moved, which can be achieved by using a large woofer or increasing the driver offset. In view of all these changes, cone speakers are not as efficient as horn speakers, but allow for more compact, user-friendly speaker designs and a more powerful and accurate low end.
Die Membran eines Konuslautsprechers (die anstelle eines Kegels auch rund sein kann) kann aus einer Vielzahl von Materialien bestehen, die alle ähnlich hohe Steifigkeits- und Leichtgewichtseigenschaften aufweisen. Papier, Aluminium, Aramid, Polypropylen und Polystyrol sind gängige Materialien beim Bau von Konusantrieben. Konuslautsprecher werden in vielen verschiedenen Szenarien verwendet, werden jedoch hauptsächlich zum Bau von Mittel- und Tieftönern verwendet. Obwohl sie manchmal in Hochtöner-Designs verwendet werden, sind Kalottentreiber hier normalerweise effektiver.
Kuppellautsprecher
Wie Hörner und Konuslautsprecher beschreibt dieser Name fast diese Form. Kuppellautsprecher sind normalerweise konkav und kleiner als Konuslautsprecher. Der Vorteil dieser Konstruktion besteht jedoch darin, dass sie einen breiteren Abstrahlwinkel für den oberen Grenzbereich bereitstellt, um die Bündeltendenz der oberen Grenzfrequenz zu vermeiden.
Kalottenhochtöner
Unlike horn speakers, dome speakers are a fairly new invention. In the 1960s, the German company Braun successfully used dome speakers for the first time. The original design came from an Italian manufacturer, but Braun engineers had the idea of using different materials. After many trials, BASF's composite materials of tar, rubber, glue and paint were chosen and succeeded. Since then, dome tweeters have been widely used, and the use of structural materials is as diverse as those used in cone membranes: aluminum, ceramics, titanium, beryllium and even silk are often used.
Coda: Ein Lautsprechertreiber für Sound und Leistung
Since the invention of the phonograph in 1877, the driver design has changed a lot. Although the use of horn speakers outside of PA systems is quite rare, cone and dome speakers can be found in almost every home. Today's typical speaker systems usually use a combination of cone and dome drivers-cones for midrange and bass, and domes for treble ranges.
